Comparing the costs and benefits of virgin and urban mining
The recycling costs of ELVs and WWC for the equivalent copper and aluminum amounts are much lower than the cost of e-waste recycling. Thus, the cost of direct recycling (Direct*) methods as comparison, a nd data are obtained from the l ite rature 6. 159 Literature data is normalized by the same functional unit in this study, and uncertainties are(PDF) Life cycle comparison of industrial-scale
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A cost-benefit analysis of landfill mining and material recycling
The total cost of the Yingchun landfill mining project studied here was 6.34 million USD, with a capital cost of 3.04 million USD (47.9%), an operational cost of 3.30 1 1 2 Life cycle comparison of industrial-scale lithium-ion battery 3 recycling and mining supply chains 4 5 Joule 6 Resubmitted May 2023 7 Michael L. Machalaa,c,#, Xi Chenb,#, 1 Life cycle comparison of industrial-scale lithium-ion
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Environmental impacts, pollution sources and
Reports also show that low- and middle-income countries have the highest death rates associated with lead exposure. 65 Comparative analysis reveals that current environmental and social influence such as Through life cycle cost and cost-benefit analysis, the cost of obtaining one ton of copper or aluminum is found to be, on average, 3,000 US$ or 1,660 US$, which is Comparing the costs and benefits of virgin and urban mining
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Modelling Global Nickel Mining, Supply, Recycling, Stocks-in
In this equation, mining costs, refining costs, and prospecting costs include variable operations costs and also comes capital costs for infrastructures and equipment. In the case study by Ohemeng and Ekolu,about 42% of NA production costs were shown to be related to environmental costs (e.g., landfill charges and air, and water emission costs) and transport costs, Recycling Free Full-Text Environmental and
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2020 Recycling Economic Information Report U.S.
Recycling is a critical part of the U.S. economy contributing to jobs, wages, and government tax revenue. as well as a comparison of the results between the 2016 and 2020 report (Section 5). Finally, we present next steps to address data gaps as part of future updates to the the utility and fuel costs (e.g. electricity and naturalNYCDOS data for 2005 suggested that refuse collection and management cost $263 ton −1 and recycling cost $343 ton −1. When costs were reallocated and reconsidered, costs appeared to be $284 ton −1 for recycling, 6% more than disposal costs ($267 ton −1 ). This difference was described as “insignificant”, given the scope of analystCost effectiveness of recycling: A systems model
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1 Life cycle comparison of industrial-scale lithium-ion
1 1 2 Life cycle comparison of industrial-scale lithium-ion 3 battery recycling and mining supply chains 4 5 Nature Communications 6 Submitted September 2023 7 Michael L. Machalaa,c,#, Xi Chenb,#, Samantha P. Bunkeb,#, Gregory Forbesa, Akarys Yegizbayd, 8 Jacques de Chalendara, Inês L. Azevedoa,c, Sally Bensona,c, William A. Tarpehb,c,* 9 Recycling can have a high individual transactional cost, associated with the high opportunity cost of time spent on various tasks to recycle (Berglund, 2006, pp.: 561–562), such as remembering to recycle the phone, taking the initiative to do so, finding the phone, finding out where to recycle it, and sending or taking the phone to such aUrban mining: The relevance of information, transaction costs
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Determining the environmental costs of mining projects: A
By quantifying the environmental costs of mining activities per ton of ore, it is possible to optimize the ultimate pit limit or select the most profitable extraction method for blocks with combined mining potential. In this study, we propose a method for determining the environmental costs per ton of ore and discuss the results obtained.Summary. Economically viable electric vehicle lithium-ion battery recycling is increasingly needed; however routes to profitability are still unclear. We present a comprehensive, holistic techno-economic model as a framework to directly compare recycling locations and processes, providing a key tool for recycling cost optimization in Financial viability of electric vehicle lithium-ion battery recycling
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E-Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery: A Review on
Electronic e-waste (e-waste) is a growing problem worldwide. In 2019, total global production reached 53.6 million tons, and is estimated to increase to 74.7 million tons by 2030. This rapid increase is largely fuelled by higher consumption rates of electrical and electronic goods, shorter life cycles and fewer repair options. E-waste is classed as a In total, transportation only accounts for 0.33 kg CO 2 e per kg battery—roughly 3.5% of the total CO 2 e emissions when using a pyrometallurgical process, and 4% when using a hydrometallurgicalExamining different recycling processes for lithium-ion
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Project Report API
This is a comprehensive research study on the reuse and recycling of batteries employed in electric vehicles, conducted by Kelleher Energy & Environment and commissioned by API. The study covers the current and projected battery technologies, markets, regulations, environmental impacts, and best practices for battery management. direct recycling (Direct*) methods as comparison, a nd data are obtained from the l ite rature 6. 159 Literature data is normalized by the same functional unit in this study, and uncertainties are(PDF) Life cycle comparison of industrial-scale lithium-ion
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Polymers Free Full-Text Cost Modelling for
Fiber-reinforced composites, such as carbon and glass fibers, are widely used across various industries. This is mainly a result of their outperforming properties in contrast with traditional materials. As a Compare that to Europe where recycling infrastructure is significantly more mature. There, 12Mt of e-waste was generated and 42.5% or 5.1Mt was recycled. That’s a big difference. Another challenge today Mining, metals & recycling an integrated
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Bitcoin's growing e-waste problem ScienceDirect
E-waste represents a growing threat to our environment, from toxic chemicals and heavy metals leaching into soils, to air and water pollutions caused by improper recycling. Here we present a methodology to estimate Bitcoin's e-waste and find that it adds up to 30.7 metric kilotons annually, per May 2021.Economic indicators related to the processes of landfill mining and material–energy recovery were selected referring to the previous researches of Van der Zee et al. (2004) and the US-EPA (1997), and eight indicators of costs and nine indicators of benefits were taken into consideration (see Table 1).The site preparation includes the A cost-benefit analysis of landfill mining and material recycling
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Rate, tax, or hybrid: A comparison of recycling systems in the
The market and recycling framework: The electronics market exists two competing manufacturers, i.e., a high-end manufacturer M h and a low-end manufacturer M l.Their products differ in quality or brand reputation, and M h 's product in those aspects is higher than that of M l 's. Motivated by the Chinese EPR practices, we assume that the The development of recycling technologies for rare earths is essential for resource security and supply stability because high-quality rare earth mines are concentrated in China and the demand for rare earth metals such as neodymium and dysprosium, used as raw materials in permanent magnets (neodymium magnet), is Current Status on Resource and Recycling Technology for Rare Earths
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Economic and Environmental Viability of Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling
Lithium-ion battery (LIB) pack is the core component of electric vehicles (EVs). As the demand is continuously increasing, it puts a lot of strain on the battery raw material supply chains. Likewise, the large quantity of spent LIBs from different sources will add to the complexity of end-of-life (EoL) management. Battery recycling processing is a Comparison of Hydrometallurgical and Hybrid Recycling Processes for Lithium-ion Battery: An Environmental and Cost Analysis May 2021 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-528783/v1(PDF) Comparison of Hydrometallurgical and Hybrid Recycling
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Recycling routes of lithium-ion batteries: A critical review of
Today, new lithium-ion battery-recycling technologies are under development while a change in the legal requirements for recycling targets is under way. Thus, an evaluation of the performance of these technologies is critical for stakeholders in politics, industry, and research. We evaluate 209 publications and compare three major This range of cost compares fairly with estimates of hydrometallurgical LiB recycling costs in the literature, which range from $1,540–8,430 per tonne in an analysis by Thompson et al. (2021) (lower end of the range corresponds to inorganic acids and higher end corresponds to organic acids as leaching agents), $3,730 per tonne in a study byA systematic analysis of the costs and environmental impacts
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